Safety Interview Questions (IQ)

To save the life and protect the property.

Chances of personnel and physical loss.

Hazard is the potential to cause harm,

Fire is a chemical reaction of oxygen, heal, fuel and burning material, met together will start the fire.

Sharing is a support lo prevent trench collapsing. Il side of the trenches is unstable, alt or chances to collapse then shoring is essential. Itis to be made by COMPETEN PERSONS,

The safely review of documentation Is to decrease the system operation and serve as a permanent reference to the implementation to avoiding information — Dependent or individuals.

To ensure that all major hazards which can cause harm lo people environment or property have been identified, suitable control and recovery measures are implemented.

Basis: - Enforcing safety rules and procedures.

• HAZAN - Hazardous Analysis

• QRA - Quantified Risk Analysis

• HAZOP - Hazardous Operation

• HAZCH . Hazardous Chemical

• HAZAMAT - Hazardous Matenal

It is a valve, which is protecting cylinders from backfire. It calls NRV (non-return valve).

1. CO2 is contained in a pressure cylinder and is released by a squeeze trigger mechanism through a horn type applicator, which is using for electrical fire.

2. Plain water expelled by pressure released from a CO2 cartridge, which is using for normal fire.

• Identity

• Evaluate

• Recover

• Mitigate

• Prevent

• The electrical equipment, which will be used in the hazardous almosphere. Must be intrinsically sale and certified.

• Intrinsically safe electrical equipment’s spark will not expose in the atmosphere it will be confined in the equipment itself.

It remove the contaminant from the air by absorbing and or filtering.

Providing sufficient ime to a person for escape from a suddenly occurring Respiratory hazards.

1.  Air Purifying Respirators ( Filter/Canister Type)

2. SCBA(Self contained Breathing Apparatus)

Self Contained Breathing Apparatus. 

The Contents of SCBA:- 

• Compressed air cylinder

• Full lace piece

• Air supply hose

• Pressure regulator

• Low pressure alarm

• Pressure gauge

• Physical, chemical & Toxic properties of the atmos

• Type of contaminant

• TLV

• Respiration hazard

• IDLH (Immediate Dangerous to Life/Health) of Ca

• Eye irritation potential

• Cover all

• Helmet

• Safety shoe

• Hand gloves

• Face shield/Goggles.

• Ear Plugs

• Respirators / Mask 

• Reflective jacket

• Safety belt

• Safely harmess

• Lifeline

• Safety Net

• Guard rail system

Defensive driving is:-  

• Driving lo preven! accidents, in spite ol the incorrect actions or others or adverse weather conditions;

• Anticipate driving hazards and know how to protect yourself from them.

• Be alert while driving by keeping your mind free of distractions and your attention focused on driving. Alertness involves watching and recognizing accident-causing factors instantly.

• The professional has foresight and ability to recognize the traffic situations as far ahead as possible.

• The driver must anticipate traffic problems that are likely lo develop and decide whether these developments could be dangerous,

• As a defensive driver every one must operate their vehicle in a manner to avoid contributing to an accident or baing involved in a preventable accident.

• To be a good driver you should respect all traffic laws and be courteous to other.

Process of reducing the quantity ol waste produced through the review of operational practices, better inventory control and optimal use of raw materials.

1. Re-use:- The reuse of a maternal on more than one occasion.

2. Recycling:- The reprocessing of wasle inlo the same or a different product. Typical recyclable wastes include oils, glass, paper, plastics, elc,

3. Recovery:- The process of ablaining materials or energy values from collected waste lor use or reuse.

Any wasle (solid, sludge, slurry and liquid) which is either: combustible, explosive, inflammable, corrosive, reactive or toxic.

Unwanted materials / substances other than the hazardous. They could be in the form of a solid, sludge, slurry and liquid.

The exceplions are:-

• Materials sold for reuse/reprocessing

• Surplus/Expired malerials that are refumed lo the manufacturer or supplier

• A place lor everything and everything in its place. Belore start the job, during the job and after completion of the job housekeeping should be done.

• Waste materials and rubbish are a fire and accident hazard.

• Personal Protective Equipment is indented 10 protect employees from hazards. There are specific protective equipments for specific job. PPE will protect you only if used it in the intended way.

• PPE is working barrier between harm and human body.

Dead man switch is a control switch, which is connected with sand blasting nozzle (gun) to control the flow from sand blasting nozzle (gun) while sand blasting. In case the hose nozzle loss from the sand blaster hands automatically the system will cut off and the individual and the property will be safe. 

• The nozzle shell is electrically grounded to prevent static electrical discharge or shocks to the operator.

•  Air line spray guns: airline spray gun operates at very high pressures: 140.6 to 170Kg/Sq Cm (2,000 10 2,500 Psi). They are extremely hazardous, since the jet is strong enough to slice through human flesh. The control switch or lever may have a caich device 10 hold switch or lever in the ON position; however, it shell be so adjusted that if it is dropped from height of 61 Cm (2Ft.) to a soll surface the device will immediately disengage, there by shutting of the gun.

• The spray gun shall also be equipped with a safety caich that shall be activated when the gun is not in use.

The following requirement apply to the storage ol Compresses gas cylinders; i.e. cylinders which do not have a gauge in place.

Cylinders shall be shaded, if stored outside. 

Cylinders stored inside:

• Well protected, well-ventilated, dry location.

• Atleast 6m (20ft) away from combustible

Precautions - Abrasive Wheel:

•  Ensure Ihe spindle speed doesn’t exceed lhe maximum speed marked on the wheel.

• Ensure fit the wheel an the spindle freely.

• Tighten the spindle nut enough to hold the wheel in place without distorting the flange.

• Do not stand in front of the rotated wheel.

• Provide protective guard for a moving abrasive wheel and maintain proper alignment with the wheel.

• For any bench mounted abrasive wheel, the wheel rest should be adjusted as close as practicable to the abrasive wheel, which shall be firmly secured.

• Before mounting inspect closely for damage, perform sound-test or ring-test to ensure free from cracks/defecis.

• Don't adjust wheel while it's rotating and disconnect lools when changing the wheel.

• Don't use expired abrasive wheel and removed damage/crack wheel and tag it "do not use”,

• Must be used eye and face protective device (goggles, face shield etc.).

• Chemical hazard Identification Tag or Hazardous Material Classification Tag is a warning tag to inform that how much hazardous is the material contain e.g. fire, health, reactivity or specific hazard.

• It is color coded, Red for fire, Blue of health, Yellow for reactivity and White for specific hazard like oxidizer, alkali, acid and corrosive etc.

• Lock out & Tag out js a process to block the flow of energy from the source and it will locked with lock system or padlock for not restore the energy and these should be tag on it, the lag will be as warming 'do nol operate’.

• Locks and tags will be normally be removed only by the person who installed them whenever possible.

• Before lockout and tag out make sure that a valid isclation permit being obtained.

• JSA stand for Job Safety Analysis.

• It is to be completed before stan of any new job.

• It clearly defines the specific job, equipments and tools to be used, specific hazards of the job and preventive measures lo be taken,

• It is to be filled by supervisory staff and discussed with HSE Dept.

• It is to be signed  by all concerned 1o confirm that everyone involved does know about the job and how to da it in sale way.

Material Safety Data Sheet is detailed information about the physical and chemical chatacteristics of the chemicals as well as the health, safety, fire, reactivity and enviranmental hazards and its precautions. It is provided by manufacturer.

Pyrophoric scale is actually Iron Sulphide (FeS;) which develops inside pipeline or piping system. It will readily ignite when exposed air/oxygen (Exothermic Reaction- i.e. heat releasing).

• Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) or any Sulphur compound when it Is react with iron it will form Pyrophoriciron Sulphide.

• It is highly flammable even exposure 10 the air, The best way lo handle is to douse it with water and keep it thoroughly wetted until safe disposal.

• In pipelines or equipments which carry gas or liquid and which contains Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S), Pyrophoric Scale or Iron Sulphide (FeS;) may be present.

• Ask him the location of the accident and the details,

• After reached the location analyze the situation, if someone get hurt during accidenl must be evacualed to the nearest medical center after giving first aid by a qualified first aider or doctor,

• Report 1o near fie station / Burgan fire station with clear location and details of the accident.

• Report to client HSE Specialist and concemed project manager.

• Investigate the accident and prepared an accident report with attached sketch and supporting documents and submit to client HSE Dept.

If the accident is major like Explosion / heavy fire / heavy gas leak then seek help from nearest fire station / Burgan fire station and follow up the evacuation procedure

Welding & Cutting HAZARDS:

• Risk due 1o toxic gas & fumes generated while welding or cutting.

• Fire or explosion started by flame, sparks and hot material from the activites.

• Electrical shock Irom arc welding equipment.

• Burn hazard due to heat generated while welding or cutting.

• Weld bead particulars or slag entering unprotected eyes during chipping.

• Inhalation of welding lumes.

• Falling Gas cylinders.

• Radiation from UV and Infra-Red (flash eye).

• Any hot work will start with a valid hot work permit.

• Frequent gas test lo be carried out.

• In a gas welding or cutting operations, the oxyacetylene flames shall be ignited by the lighter specially designed.

• The pressure regulators and gauges shall be suitable and in good working condition.

• The cylinder valve must be closed before the regulator is removed.

• Flash back arrestors should be fitted both end with the hoses to prevent flash back.

• The adequate ventilation must be provided to expel toxic gases/fumes, if activities carned out inside a tank / vessel / any confined space.

• All valves, flanges, drains, canals etc. where gas leaks or presence of llammable atmosphere is possible should be covered.

• Combustible materials to be removed from welding point.

• Valid Fire Extinguishers and Fire Watcher should be provided.

• When need to cover the welding point with proper fire blanket.

• When necessary, wet the area with water and pressurized firewater hose shall be provided.

• Equipment, which will be used for hot work to be inspected before starting up the job

• All hose and cable, plugs and sockets must be in good condition. 

Precaution should be taken during Welding / Hot Work.

• Hot Work will start with a valid hot work permit.

• If itis inside GU or Refinery then need to cover the welding point with proper fire blanket.

• Frequent gas test to be carried out

• Wet the area with water and pressurized firewater hose to be kepl near the hot work area.

• Combustible materials to be removed from welding point.

• Keep the certified and valid lire extinguisher near the hot work area.

• Trained and certified lire watcher should be present,

• Equipment, which will be used for hot work to be inspected before starting up the job.

• All welding machine must be connected with GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit interrupter) or ELCB (Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker) and approved spark arrester.

• All welding machines must be ground with static-earthing device.

• All cable must be properly insulated and electrode holder, plugs and sockets must be in good condition,

• The equipment or pipe, spool should be supported on a secured and firm base during welding or grinding.

• All valves, flanges, drains, canals etc. where gas leaks or presence of flammable atmosphere is possible should be covered.

• Inform to nearest fire station / Burgan fire station with clear details about the incident and emergency evacuation plan will be following up.

• All running equipment must put off.

• All people have to evacuate in the cross wind direction and calmly walk to the assembly area there on instructions will mount on the available transport, the transport will take all to a safe area,

• Every section will have a head count by section head or time keeper or check that any one missing or nol.

• If anyone get hurt during explosion, gas leak, fire or accident, will be evacuated to the nearest medical center after giving first aid by qualified first aider or doctor.

• Emergency officer will give clear instructions of situation improved or all will be evacuated to a sale area.

• All work permits will become nullified during emergency automatically.

• During emergency an appointed Sr, staff/Sr. safety officer will take charge as an emergency officer.

• All will wait in the safe area until further instruction come from the emergency officer/OC for either 1o return back to the work or to a safe area.

Hazardous Area: 

Hazardous area is the zone in which a flammable atmosphere may be present during normal operation or under abnormal conditions.

Classification of Hazardous Area:

Zone-0: Zone in which a flammable atmosphere is continuously present or present for a long period. (Typically more than 1000 hours/year.)

Zone - 1:  Zone in which a flammable atmosphere is likely to occur in normal operations.(Typically 10 to 1000 haurs/year)

Zone- 2: Zone in which a flammable atmosphere is not likely to occur under normal operations and if it oceurs, it will only exist for a short time. (Typically less than 10 hours/year)

Transfer of heal is responsible for initiation, continuation, and extinguishment of most fires,

      Fire can spread by one or more of the following modes:-

• • • Conduction: Heat from one body is transferred to another by direct contact.

    • Convection: Heal is transferred by a circulating medium either a gas or liquid.

    • Radiation: Heal is transferred from one body to another by heal rays a medium in between.

Fire extinguishment principle involves elimination one or more of the components forming a Fire Triangle.

Starving: The removal of fuel to the point so that nothing remains to burn.

Example: tum off valves,

Smothering: The removal of air or oxygen to point the so that combustion ceases.

Example: fire blanket, foam and sand.

Cooling: Cooling of luel to the point so that combustion vapours are no longer produced, and temperature is dropped below ignition point.

Example: water spray etc.

Inhibiting the Flame Chain Reaction:

It is represented by lire tetrahedron shown below. In this method by arresting the chemical chain reaction in the flame zone, combustion process is terminaled, e.g. introduce a Dry Chemical Extinguisher, inert agent etc,

Unsafe Acts: Working without safety precaution or the act which can be create accidents.

OR

It is a violation of an accepted salety procedure which could have permitted to occurrence of an accident.

Example: Working at height without any fall protection.

Usafe Conditions: The place where hazardous is hiding.

OR

It is a physical condition which could have permitted to occurrence of an accident.

Example: Working inside the deep trench without slopping or shoring.

Near Miss: Near miss is an incident, which resulted in no injury or iliness and / or damage (loss) to people, asset, the environment or Company reputation. Example: A water tanker tilled.

Incident : Incident is any unwanted and unplanned ocourrence/event which resulted or could have resulted to physical injury or death 10 person or damage 0 property or environment. Or

An undesired event that has caused or could have potentially caused personal injury, illness and / or damage (loss) to assets, production or harm to environment or third party.

Example:

Accident : Accident is an undesired unplanned occurrence which resulted to an injury or death to person or damage to property or environment.

It is occurring due to unsafe acts or unsafe condition or combination of both,

OR

Accident is an unexpected, unplanned and unwanted occurrence which is occurred by unsafe act and unsafe condition or combination of both, which can be resulted in injury to person and damage to property and environment.

Example: A car collided with another vehicle.

Difference between Incident & Accident:

All accidents are incidents but not all incidents are accidents.

Class of Fire: (Refer Organisational Process) 

• Class A - Carbon based combustible materials (wood, rubber, paper, fabric, etc.)

• Class B - Liquid (petrol, oil, thinners etc.)

• Class C - Gases (acetylene, propane, LPG, Butane elc.)

• Class D - Metals (Sodium, potassium, magnesium) require special extinguishing agent.

• Class E - Fire involving energized electrical equipment as electrical cable, electrical motor elc.

• Fire Triangle is a diagram which represents the three components that creates a fire such as Oxygen or Air, Fuel and Heat (source of ignition).

• Absence of any of the components, fire would not occur,

• Scaffolding erection, dismantiing should be done under the supervision ol a COMPETENT PERSON (Scaflolding Supervisor).

• Red Tag means Danger “do not use” and Green Tag means “scaffold complete- ready for use” when completed,

• Gap between boards/planks should be 1 inch (25mm).

• Top guardrail, midrail and toe board should be provided.

• Guard ralls and Toa boards shall be fitted to the inside of standards.

• Guard rall should have a height between 915 mm (0.9 mor 90 cm or 3' feet) lo 1143 mm (1.15mor 3' 9")

•  * Toe board should be 6” (15 em) high and secured with toe board clips.

• If scaffold to be erected on soft ground should be used sole plate.

• Worker shall be not work on scaffolds during storms or high winds or poor visibility,

• Sole plate shall extend under at leas! two standards.

• Base plates with screw jacks should be proper scafiold leveling adjustment,

• All standard shall be vertical.

• Ledgers shall be securely fixed to standards couplers.

• Slipping of unsecured ladder.

• Use of unsuitable scaffold or faully materials.

• Inadequate or irregular platform width,

• Omission of guard rails or toe boards.

• Failure to proper secure the scaffold 10 the building or 10 brace it adequately.

• Overoading on the scaffold platforms,

• Collapse of Scaffolding.

• Falling from height.

• Falling object.

• Slip & Trip hazards.

• Pinch point hazards / Sharp edges

• Opening without guardrail.

• Scaliold erection during storm or high winds, raining and poor visibility.

• Blocking emergency access and walkways

• All electrical work must be covered by an appropriate work permit.

• The authorized person approved by the relevant Maintenance Team can carry out electrical work.

• Electrical safety floor mats made from a special grade ol insulating rubber shall be provided in front of switchboards or high-voltage equipment to protect personnel agains! accidental electric shock.

• Warning tape on top of buried cables and electrical cable files must be provided as an early warning notice for excavations.

• All portable electrical equipment must be approved by the Maintenance Team and shall be used as per suitability far the relevant area only,

• Do not reach blindly inte areas that may contain energized parts.

• Do not enter into a space where adequate lighting and working space is not available.

• Only Industrial type plugs and sockets shall be used on all locations other than offices and houses.

• Guard ralls

• Mid rall

• Qut riggers

• Ladders

Hazards:

• • Inadequate wiring.

  • Exposed electrical pars

  • Wire with bad insulation,

  • Undergrounded electrical systems and tools.

  • Overloaded circuits

  • Damaged power tools and equipments.

  • Using the wrong PPE and tools

  • Overhead Powerlines.

  • All hazards are made worse in wet conditions.

• Scaffolding erection, dismantiing should be done under the supervision ol a COMPETENT PERSON (Scaflolding Supervisor).

• Red Tag means Danger “do not use” and Green Tag means “scaffold complete- ready for use” when completed,

• Gap between boards/planks should be 1 inch (25mm).

• Top guardrail, midrail and toe board should be provided.

• Guard ralls and Toa boards shall be fitted to the inside of standards.

• Guard rall should have a height between 915 mm (0.9 mor 90 cm or 3' feet) lo1143 mm (1.15mor 3 8°)

• Toe board should be 6” (15 em) high and secured with toe board clips.

• If scaffold to be erected on soft ground should be used sole plate.

• Worker shall be not work on scaffolds during storms or high winds or poor visibility,

• Sole plate shall extend under at leas! two standards.

• Base plates with screw jacks should be proper scafiold leveling adjustment,

• All standard shall be vertical.

• Ledgers shall be securely fixed to standards couplers.

• Scalfolds should be properly braced by cross bracing or diagonal braces or both for securing venical members together.

• Access ladder must be provided far any platform & clamped with scaffold structure.

• Ladder should be 4:1 ratio and angle 75°,

• Ladder should be rise 1 meter (42 inch) above Irom the landing place/platform,

• Scaffold should be not obstruct access to/from any fire fighting equipment / emergency equipmenl, operating area equipment, instrument and conlrol panels, ladders, stairways elc.

• Scaffold platform opening should be secured with guardrail and sign board,

• All scaffolding couplers should be tightened.

• Slipping of unsecured ladder.

• Use of unsuitable scaffold or faully materials.

• Inadequate or irregular platform width,

• Omission of guard rails or toe boards.

• Failure to proper secure the scaffold 10 the building or 10 brace it adequately.

• Overoading on the scaffold platforms,

• Collapse of Scaffolding.

• Falling from height.

• Falling object.

• Slip & Trip hazards.

• Pinch point hazards / Sharp edges

• Opening without guardrail.

• Scaffold erection during storm or high winds, raining and poor visibility.

• Blocking emergency access and walkways

Scaffoldong is a temporary working platform to provide supports both men and materials for place. It is used in maintenance, construction and demolition work etc.

 Types of scaffoldings:-

• Permanent scaffolding

• Hanging scatfolding

• Suspended scaffolding

• Mobil scalfolding.

• Guard ralls

• Mid rall

• Qut riggers

• Ladders

Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) : or (Lower Flammable Limit)

Minimum concentration of vapor or gas in air which will burn when a source of ignition (spark) is introduced.

Upper Explosive Limit (UEL): or (Upper Flammable Limit)

Maximum vapor/gas to air concentration above which flame propagation will not occur, i.e. the mixture is “too rich” to bum.

Note-1: Flammable Gas Detectors (Meters) measure % LEL, hence actual LEL means 100% of full-scale reading of the meter. Below LEL (100% ol meter reading), a mixture is “low- rich" to bum,

Note-2: LEL of airborne combustible dust: If the dust obscures vision al a distance of 5 feel (1.52 m) or less it is considered as at LEL (ex. Sulfur or coke).

Minimum temperature required to initiate self-sustained combustion of a solid, liquid or gas in the absence of a source of ignition,

Minimum temperature at which a llammable mixture of gas or vapor in air will momentarily flash when a source of ignition (spark) is introduced.

TLV TWA:

Time Weighted Average (TWA) concenirate of the contaminant in air over the normal work shift of 8 hours, to which warkers can be exposed without respiratory prolection in a 40 hour workweek,

TLV-STEL:

Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL) when exposed only lor a short period of 15 minutes. This maximum concentration can be allowed to breathe 4 times during 8 hours with minimum 1-hour interval between exposures.

IDLH:

Minimum concentration of contaminant in air which is Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (Note: Air supplied respirators are required in IDLH atmospheres.)

Positive pressure breathing apparatus must be worn by any persons attempting a rescue.

• The victim must be immediately moved to fresh air, possibly in the upwind direction of the gas leak. The rescuer must be outside the contaminated area before removing his/her personal BA set.

• If the victim has stopped breathing, resuscitation must be started immediately, using artificial respiration or a resuscitator if available. Resuscitation must be cordinued until the victim staris breaihing unaided or until qualified medical assistance arrives. Medical help must be summoned as soon as possible.

• Incase of H2S alarm, all personnel should vacate the area after donning the escape set / breathing apparatus and report to the designated assembly point for mustering.

• If working in H2S contaminated atmosphere must wear suitable BA set and work in pairs to support and rescue each ather in the event of difficulties.

• Know the wind direction and evacuate in the cross wind direction incase of H2S leak,

• Never go lo a low-lying area during H2S leak.

• Paste H2S warming sign in H2S prone areas.

• The presence or suspected ol H2S in any part of the plant or sewer shall be reported immediately to supervisor and respective area fire station for arranging rescue and support,

H2S Hazards:

• Eyes and respiratory irritation.

• Dizziness, headache, nausea, abdominal pain,

• Loss of consciousness, Brain damage possible, death / fatal.

• H2S is produced or generated by decomposition of organic materials.

• It is a highly toxic gas and highly flammable.

• Its smell like rotten egg at low concentrations and not detectable by order at high concentration.

• It is highly flammable. (flammable at 4.3% 10 45.5% by volume in air)

• It is colourless.

• It is heavier than Air.(1.19)

• It is highly soluble in water and other liquid.

• When burned or flared it farms sulpher dioxide (S02) which is also colorless and highly toxic gas.

• The exposure limits 10 PPM is the maximum allowed for 8 hours.

• Increasing exposure will cause headache and irritation of eyes,

• 800 PPM or more will be instantly fatal,

Exposure Limit:

• TLV-TWAOI H2S = 10 ppm

• TLV-STEL of H2S = 15 ppm

• IDLH of H2S = 100 ppm

Note: 

• Up to 10ppm work can be done without respiratory protection system,

• 120 to 100ppm work can be done by SCBA or Air lined breathing apparatus.

• Above 100ppm work nol permitted, allowed only for rescue.

Q18. What you know about working in a confined space entry? or Explain abut confined space entry?

• Any enclosure having a limited means of entry & exit and it is not designed for continuous employee occupancy. 

• Before entering in the confined space, must need to obtained a confined space entry work permit, make sure that all required isolation being done.

• Frequently gas 1est is to be carried out to confirm that area is free of toxic gas or flammable atmosphere.

• If the area is contaminated or it has oxygen deficiency the provided BA sets or air line respiratory system,

• Conduct pre-task meeting for the employees who will be entering inside the confined area and gel there signature to conform that they are aware of the hazards and safety measures,

• The attendant (Stand by man) to assigned at the entrance. A log book shall be maintained at the entrance to keep track of the people inside the space. The attendant shall not be assigned to other duiies. If an emergency occurs within the confined space, the standby person must not enter it until rescue team arrived.

• The entering people should use body harness with lifeline lor the emergency rescue purpose.

• Any required electrical lighting or tools should not exceed more than 24 volts and attached with GFCI / ELCB. It should be intrinsically safe or explosive proof.

• Barricade the area with warning sign board.

 Procedure for entering confined space:

1. Permit must be procured form operations, making sure of the following.

   • Complete isolation of the space to be entered.

   • Draining, depressurization and purging or cleaning should be performed.

   • Gas lest should be conducted 1o ensure no hazardous atmosphere is preseni.

   • Space ventilation.

2. A Pre task meeting must be conducted with all authorized entrants prior to entering confined space.

3. The attendant (Stand by man) shall be assigned al the entrance to maintain communication with employees working inside to ensure their safety, A log book shall be maintained at the entrance to keep track of the people inside the space,

4. Salety attendant must be trained and authorized to use gas testing equipment.

5. Entrants must wear body harness, and it necessary a life line be attached to the harness to avoid entry-rescue.

6. Lighting should be provided, if necessary a maximum ol 24 volts, lighting should beused attached a GFCI,

7. Only intrinsically safe or explosion<procf equipment shall be used inside.

8. Depending on the situation, emergency rescue {eam may be pul on standby,

9. It an emergency occurs within the confined space, the standby person must not enter it until rescue team arrived.

10. Barricade the area with warning sign board.

A confined space may have one or combination of the following hazards:

• Oxygen deficiency

• Presence ol lammable, combustible or pyrophoric materials (HC, Sludge etc.)

• Presence ol toxic gases, corrosive or hazardous materials (H25, Co, NH3 elc.)

• Poor lllumination, Ventilation & Communication.

• High temperature and humidity,

• Limited entry & exit / Restricted access.

• Restricted movement inside.

• Falling / Tripping hazards

• Presence of reactive or sell-igniting material.

• Hazard due to electricity or moving machinery.

• Hazard due to pressurized fluid.

• Hazard due to nature of work carried out inside confined space,

• Any enclosure having a limited means of entry & exil and it is not designed for continuous occupancy.

• There will be a presence of any hazardous substances such as flammable and toxic gases, oxygen deficiency, hot ar humid atmosphere or any combination of it.

Examples: Process vessels, Tanks, Bins, Stacks, Large pipe, Duct, Pits & Trench etc. Any excavation with depth more than 1.2 meter.

• Excavation work in organisation area without clearance of Explosive Ordinance Disposal (EOD).

• Mechancial excavation closer than 5 meters to any hydrocarbon carrying pipeline

• Mechanical excavation closer than 3 meter to a non-hydrocarbon carrying pipeline, cables and services.

• Any excavation deeper than 1m, ladder must be positioned projecting minimum 1 meter above the edge of the excavations.

• Ladders shall be provided every 7.5 meters (25 feet) of lateral travel in the trench.

• Ladders shall be securely supported at the bottom as well as at the lop.

• Excavated material shall be placed 1m from the edge of the excavation for depth 10 1.2 meter.

• Accordingly placement of excavated material shall be increased proportion to the depth of excavation.)

• Heavy equipment, machinery shall be kept at least 3 meters away Irom the edge.

• Any walkway across trench shall have scaffold type platform with handrails,

• All trenches shall have barrier (such as fixed guardrails) and reflective warning noices clearly displayed. Flashing lights are mandatory during poor visibility.

• The access fo plant, equipment and emergency services must not be obstructed by e trenches.

• Mechanical excavation is allowed inside the existing organisations facilities (Gathering enter, Booster Station, water injection and handling facilities, etc.)

• Cave in or collapse of soll

• Risk due 10 presence of underground installations, pipelines, cables.

• Drowning due to water seepage into trench,

• Soil vibration due to machinery / heavy vehicles operations in the vicinity.

• Lack of Oxygen or asphyxiation elc.

• Underground obstruction or damage to buried pipelines & services

• Accidental fall of personnel or equipment inside a trench

• Struck / hit by excavating machinery

• Dropped / falling objects

• Flammable & / or toxic gas release

• Exposed to airborne contaminants

• Fire & explosion

• Electrical shock due to contact with energized electrical / telecom cable.

• Possible presence of explosive devices

Excavation notification gives detailed information about the underground facilities and it is to be signed by all organisations concerned departments to confirm that the proposed excavation location has been identified and all safety measures have been taken for the existing underground facilities.

Excavation notification is a document to notify concerned authorities, who have responsibility and jurisdiction for safety and integrity of above ground and underground services existing atl the propose site of excavation.

• Excavation notification must be supported by a work permit.

• Excavation notification is valid for 90 days from the dale of issued.

• Excavation notification is required lar all excavations regardless of depth.

Any man made cavity, cut, trench or depression on an earth surface formed by earth removal,

Types of Excavation: 

• Manual Excavation: The excavation without using any powered equipment.

• Mechanical Excavation: The excavation work using any electrical or mechanical equipment.

Cold Work: Any work that does not involve a source of ignition or naked flame or does not have spark generating potential is classified as a Cold Work.

Hot Work: Any work which involves the use of naked or a source of ignition or spark generating potential is classified as a Hot Work,

Radiography Work: Any work that involves the use of a radioactive source, shall be covered by a radiography work.

It is a form, which is signed by higher responsible people lo carry out the specific job. It clearly states;

• What is to be done,

• Where,

• When and

• What are the salety precautions to be taken.

Electronic Work Permit (e-WP) is a web-based solution through organisation intranet to manage electronically the authorization process of non-routine activities which are cared out in organization business as per Permit to Work Procedure. ( If Applicable Refer Your Organization Guideline ),

Work Permit will be made out in FOUR COPIES

• The Original for worksite

• 1st  copy for Permit Applicant

• 2nd copy of all permits (except cold work permit) forwarded to FIRE TEAM by the permit Issuer 

• 3rd copy shall be retained by the issuing authority

Note: Afier completion of work and permit closure as per procedure...Original kept on record with Permit Issuer, 1st copy shall be retained by the Permit Applicant (for minimum 6 months). 3rd copy can be given to Worksite Supervisor for their record. 

1. Hot / Cold / Radiography Permit:

   • Valid for a maximum duration of seven consecutive days from the date of issue subject to renewal by the parmit issuer,

     • Note: Validity Period for Cold or Hot work permit in Non-Hazardous area can be extended for a maximum one month with approval from concerned Team Leader.

2. Confined Space Entry Permit:

   • Valid for one continuous work shift or part thereof, however the permit is to be renewed / re-endorsed in case of crew change, transfer of responsibility, work suspension or as recorded in the permit.

3. Vehicle / Mobile Plant Entry Permit:

   • Valid for one continuous works shift for Vehicle entry, whereas for Mobile Plant Entry it is valid for maximum 7 consecutive working days from the date of issue subject to renewal by Permit Issuer.

Types of Work Permits: 5 types of work permit

• • Hot Work Permit (red)

  • Cold Work Permit (green)

  • Radiography Permit (yellow)

  • Vehicle/mabile plant entry work permit

  • Confined Space Entry Permit

Hot Work Permit: A document that specifies precautions, identifies hazards and controls all work involving actual naked lames, sparks or has potential for crealing sparks or heal.

Cold Work Permit: A document thal specifies precautions identifies hazards and controls all work that is not hot and radiographic in nature,

Radiography Work Permit: A document that specifies precautions identifies hazards and control all work involving radiographic in nature. 

Vehicle / Mobile Plant Entry Permit: A document that specifies precautions Identiies hazards and controls all work involving entry of a vehicle or mobile plant into a hazardous area.

Confined Space Entry Permit: A document that specifies precautions Identifies hazards and controls all work involving entry to an enclosure, which has limited means of entry or exil, not designed for continuous occupancy.

• • The ‘Permit to Work” (PTW) Procedure is a formal written system, which utilize a document to control the work by means of potential hazards identification and risk assessment.

  • The work permit is also a means of communication among various supervisors or their respective belonging to operation, maintenance, controlling teams and contract personnel, who are involved in work preparation and / or its execution.

Responsibiltiy of an HSE officer:-

• • The HSE Officer acts an advisory capacity to the management and supervision with regards Health and Safety Environment,

  • He is to monitor and ensure thal the activities are being perdormed wilh the accaplable safety norms,

  • Helping supervisors to identify the hazardous and unsafe conditions and ensuring rectifications.

  • Conducting tool box meeting, Supervisors safety meeting, conducting training in various topics, conducting safely incentive program, conducting salety auditing/inspaction.

  • Taking disciplinary action against the violations.

  • Conducting risk assessment and JSA, pre task meeting and all other project related safety requirements.

  • Keep track record all incidents at site.

  • He is to invesligale hazards and dangerous occurrences, examine the cause of accident, carry out safety inspection on site and what remedial steps/action has been under taken,

Safely is freedom from unacceptable risk of harm. (The word salety drives fram the Latin word 'SALVUS' means uninjured and healthy)